Mpox, previously known as monkeypox, is a viral illness caused by the monkeypox virus, a species of the genus Orthopoxvirus. This virus comes in two distinct clades: clade I (with subclades Ia and Ib) and clade II (with subclades IIa and IIb). In the recent years, there has been a global outbreak of mpox caused by the clade IIb strain, while cases related to clades Ia and Ib have also been on the rise in countries such as the Democratic Republic of the Congo. This resurgence of mpox has raised concerns and highlighted the importance of vaccination and other public health interventions.
Symptoms of mpox include a skin rash, mucosal lesions, fever, headache, muscle aches, back pain, low energy, and swollen lymph nodes. The virus can be transmitted through close contact with an infected individual, contaminated materials, or infected animals. Pregnant individuals can pass the virus to their fetus or newborn during or after birth, leading to potential complications.
To diagnose mpox, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing is preferred to detect viral DNA. Treatment involves supportive care to manage symptoms, prevent complications, and ensure proper nutrition, hydration, and skin care. While there are vaccines available for mpox, antivirals have also received emergency use authorization in some countries, though there is no proven effective antiviral treatment for mpox.
Preventive measures such as maintaining good hygiene, wearing masks, and avoiding close contact with infected individuals can help reduce the spread of mpox. Self-care tips for those with mpox include contacting a healthcare provider, isolating at home, washing hands frequently, and taking over-the-counter medications for pain. Additionally, those at high risk of mpox should consider getting vaccinated for prevention during outbreaks.
Outbreaks of mpox have been reported globally, with cases steadily increasing in various regions. Stigma and discrimination related to mpox can impede public health efforts, particularly affecting communities initially most affected by the disease. The World Health Organization (WHO) plays a crucial role in responding to and preventing outbreaks of mpox, coordinating research, strengthening healthcare systems, and ensuring access to vaccines and treatments.
In conclusion, mpox remains a significant public health concern, with the potential for widespread outbreaks and severe complications. It is essential to raise awareness, promote preventive measures, and ensure access to vaccination and treatment to combat the spread of this viral illness. Research and global cooperation are key in effectively managing and controlling outbreaks of mpox.
