MPOX: Essential Information on the Newest Public Health Crisis

Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, is a viral disease that has raised concerns globally due to its ability to spread between people, primarily through close contact. It can also be transmitted from the environment to individuals via objects and surfaces that have been touched by infected persons. Originating in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1970, mpox was initially neglected, which has led to increased outbreaks and a global health emergency declaration by the World Health Organization (WHO). The disease is endemic in central and West Africa, but it caused a worldwide outbreak in 2022, prompting the WHO to take swift action.

The symptoms of mpox include a rash lasting for two to four weeks, which may be accompanied by fever, headache, muscle aches, back pain, low energy, and swollen lymph nodes. The rash appears as blisters and can affect various parts of the body, including the face, palms of the hands, soles of the feet, groin, genitals, mouth, throat, and eyes. People with mpox are considered infectious until all their blisters have crusted over and healed completely. Severe cases may require hospitalization and antiviral medication to reduce the severity of symptoms.

Mpox can spread through human-to-human contact, respiratory particles, and contact with contaminated objects and surfaces. It can also be transmitted from animals to humans through bites, scratches, or consumption of contaminated meat. While the disease is typically not fatal, a small percentage of individuals may experience severe complications, especially those with underlying health conditions.

Fortunately, there are vaccines available for mpox, including the MVA-BN, LC16, and ACAM2000 vaccines. However, mass vaccination campaigns are not currently recommended, and vaccination should be considered for individuals at high risk of exposure. Prevention measures include cleaning and disinfecting surfaces, avoiding contact with sick or dead animals, and ensuring thorough cooking of animal products.

In conclusion, mpox poses a significant threat to public health due to its potential for spreading rapidly between individuals and across borders. It is essential for countries to collaborate and implement effective strategies to prevent and control outbreaks of the disease. By raising awareness, implementing vaccination programs, and practicing good hygiene, the world can mitigate the impact of mpox and prevent future pandemics similar to COVID-19 and HIV. By learning from past experiences and taking proactive measures, we can protect the health and well-being of populations worldwide.